However, it is not a good practice to sort the result set by column position. ORDER BY 1 Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) MySQL also provides you with an alternative option to sort a result set based on column position using ORDER BY clause as follows: SELECT CONCAT(firstName, ' ',lastName) fullname UNION SELECT CONCAT(contactFirstName, ' ', contactLastName),įullname Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) To differentiate between employees and customers, you can add a column as shown in the following query: SELECT CONCAT(firstName, ' ', lastName) fullname, Notice that if you place the ORDER BY clause in each SELECT statement, it will not affect the order of the rows in the final result set. ORDER BY fullname Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) UNION SELECT concat(contactFirstName, ' ',contactLastName) If you want to sort the result set of a union, you use an ORDER BY clause in the last SELECT statement as shown in the following example: SELECT concat(firstName, ' ',lastName) fullname It uses the CONCAT() function to concatenate first name, space, and last name into a full name. This example uses the column heading of the first query for the output. UNION SELECT CONCAT(contactFirstName, ' ',contactLastName) If you want to use other column headings, you need to use column aliases explicitly in the first SELECT statement as shown in the following example: SELECT CONCAT(firstName, ' ',lastName) fullname Suppose that you want to combine the first name and last name of employees and customers into a single result set, you can use the UNION operator as follows: SELECTĬustomers Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )Īs you can see from the output, the MySQL UNION uses the column names of the first SELECT statement for the column headings of the output. We’ll use the customers and employees tables in the sample database for the demonstration: The following picture illustrates the difference between UNION and JOIN: MySQL UNION and column alias examples JOINĪ JOIN combines result sets horizontally, a UNION appends result set vertically. UNION ALL SELECT id FROM t2 Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) + -+Ħ rows in set ( 0.00 sec) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )Īs you can see, the duplicates appear in the combined result set because of the UNION ALL operation. Because UNION ALL does not need to handle duplicates, it performs faster than UNION DISTINCT . If you use the UNION ALL explicitly, the duplicate rows, if available, remain in the result. The following Venn diagram illustrates the union of two result sets that come from t1 and t2 tables: The final result set contains the distinct values from separate result sets returned by the queries: + -+Ĥ rows in set ( 0.00 sec) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )īecause the rows with value 2 and 3 are duplicates, the UNION removed them and kept only unique values. UNION SELECT id FROM t2 Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) The following statement combines result sets returned from t1 and t2 tables: SELECT id FROM t1 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 2),( 3),( 4) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) Let’s see the following sample tables: t1 and t2: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1 Second, the data types of columns must be the same or compatible.īy default, the UNION operator removes duplicate rows even if you don’t specify the DISTINCT operator explicitly.First, the number and the orders of columns that appear in all SELECT statements must be the same.To combine result set of two or more queries using the UNION operator, these are the basic rules that you must follow: Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) The following illustrates the syntax of the UNION operator: SELECT column_list MySQL UNION operator allows you to combine two or more result sets of queries into a single result set. Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn how to use MySQL UNION operator to combine two or more result sets from multiple SELECT statements into a single result set.
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You can also use negative values to hide the rounded corners for some sides, allowing you to "attach" the taskbar to different sides of the monitor. Click it to enable independent margins, which allow you to specify the margin for each side of the taskbar. Independent Margins - in the advanced settings, a button appears on the margin box. These allow for further customisation, at the cost of some user-friendliness. Apply - applies the selected settings to the taskbar. The "Debug" section lets you open the config and log files. Help & About - provides information about the current version of RoundedTB. Advanced - displays a host of additional advanced customisation options, explained below. Corner Radius - adjusts how round the corners of the taskbar should be. Margin - controls how many pixels to remove from each side of the taskbar, creating a margin around it that you can see and click through. RoundedTB lives in the system tray, just right-click its icon to access all the settings. The simplest way to use RoundedTB is by simply entering a margin and corner radius. If possible, please include your Amazon (or other retailer's) order ID and a PlugDebug log.Add margins, rounded corners and segments to your taskbars! With RoundedTB, you can customise the shape and appearance of Windows' taskbar, without modifying any system files or making any permanent system changes. We hope this guide is useful! If you have any question, and if you are using a Plugable Bluetooth adapter, please reach out to us at for assistance. Scroll down, and click 'More Bluetooth settings'.You can also access Settings with the Windows Key + I shortcut.This will open the 'Bluetooth Settings' window At the right of this window, click 'More Bluetooth Options'.This will open the 'Bluetooth & other devices' window The icon should reappear the next time you log in Click it to open the Bluetooth Settings window shown below
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6 The application is owned and operated by Tencent, one of China’s largest technology companies, and was launched in 2011 as a mobile instant messaging app. WeChat ( Weixin 微信 in Chinese) is one of the most popular social media apps in China, with 1.15 billion monthly active users in China and overseas as of late 2019. Provides a brief conclusion, discusses the broad significance of our findings, and provides avenues for future research. Recounts what we did, and did not, learn from issuing a data access request for our WeChat data, and shows that this method failed to reveal content surveillance on the platform. Presents results from policy analysis, which involved interrogating Tencent’s public-facing policy documents and directly contacting the company about how it treated international users’ communications content. Presents our technical experiments, including the side-channel methods which were used to uncover the surveillance to which non-China-registered accounts are subjected, as well as the findings and discussion emergent from the analysis. Provides background on WeChat and an overview of previous research on surveillance and censorship on the platform. Consequently, non-China-based users who send sensitive content over WeChat may be unwittingly contributing to political censorship in China. 5 By engaging in analysis of WeChat privacy agreements and policy documents, we find that the company provides no clear reference or explanation of the content surveillance features and therefore absent performing their own technical experiments, users cannot determine if, and why, content surveillance was being applied. In this report, we show that documents and images shared among non-China-registered accounts are subject to content surveillance and are used to build up the database WeChat uses to censor China-registered accounts. These users could send and receive messages that users with China-registered accounts could not. In previous work, there was no evidence that these censorship features affected users with accounts that are not registered to China-based phone numbers. This censorship is done without notification to users and is dynamically updated, often in response to current events. WeChat implements censorship for users with accounts registered to mainland China phone numbers. Previous Citizen Lab research shows the balancing act WeChat must maintain as it attempts to keep within government red lines in China and attract users internationally. Like any other Internet platform operating in China, WeChat is expected to follow rules and regulations from Chinese authorities around prohibited content. 3 While the platform dominates the market in China, it also has made efforts to internationalize and attract users globally. WeChat is the most popular social media platform in China and third in the world. 1 Grindr, a Chinese-owned online dating platform for gay, bi, trans, and queer people, fell under suspicion that it could be used to monitor, track, or otherwise endanger American users. For example, TikTok, a video-based social media company, has been accused of censoring content on its platform that would be sensitive in China. As Chinese companies grow into markets beyond China, their activities are also coming under scrutiny. Tencent’s responses to data access requests failed to clarify how data from international users is used to enable political censorship of the platform in China.Ī significant body of research over the past decade has shown how online platforms in China are routinely censored to comply with government regulations.From public information, it is unclear how Tencent uses non-Chinese-registered users’ data to enable content blocking or which policy rationale permits the sharing of data used for blocking between international and China regions of WeChat.Upon analysis, files deemed politically sensitive are used to invisibly train and build up WeChat’s Chinese political censorship system.Documents and images transmitted entirely among non-China-registered accounts undergo content surveillance wherein these files are analyzed for content that is politically sensitive in China.We present results from technical experiments which reveal that WeChat communications conducted entirely among non-China-registered accounts are subject to pervasive content surveillance that was previously thought to be exclusively reserved for China-registered accounts.Have questions about this report? 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The album's lead single Westwood Road was released the same day.Īfter his move to Los Angeles, he took up acting for a short time. On February 15, 2019, Biersack announced his second album, The Ghost of Ohio, which was released on April 12, 2019. The lead single from the project, " We Don't Have to Dance" was released on March 18, 2016, with a music video for the song being released on March 21. On March 17, 2016, Biersack announced the title of his first Andy Black album The Shadow Side, scheduled to be released on May 6, 2016. On May 19, 2014, he premiered his first song, titled "They Don't Need to Understand", online with a music video via Hot Topic. Despite this project, he reassured his fans that this does not mean this is his primary focus, but rather more of a hobby or a side-project. He will be working with former Black Veil Brides producer John Feldmann. Andy's inspiration for this project was his love for '80s synth and goth music. He explained that his solo project will have a radically different sound compared to the band, and that he felt he couldn't create that sound within the band, thus deciding to take it on as a solo artist. In May 2014, Biersack revealed to Kerrang! magazine that he had been working on new music outside Black Veil Brides under the moniker 'Andy Black'. In celebration of the 10th anniversary of their first album We Stitch These Wounds, a re-recording of the album titled Re-Stitch These Wounds was released on July 31, 2020, followed their sixth album The Phantom Tomorrow on October 29, 2021. Their fifth album Vale was released January 12, 2018. Their fourth self-titled album was released on October 27, 2014. The band's third album, Wretched and Divine: The Story of the Wild Ones, was released on January 8, 2013. The band's second studio album, Set the World on Fire, was released on June 14, 2011, through Lava Music/Universal Republic Records. 36 on the Billboard Top 200 chart and No. Their debut album, We Stitch These Wounds, was released Jand sold over 13,000 copies in its first week, ranking at No. The band embarked on their first US tour, titled "On Leather Wings". In 2009 they released their first music video for "Knives and Pens", which to date has garnered over 200 million views. The writing process for a tour and a record began immediately. In September 2009 Black Veil Brides signed with the independent label StandBy Records. This project eventually grew into what would later be known as Black Veil Brides. Main article: Black Veil Brides Biersack performing in 2011Īt age 14, Andy Biersack and a few of his friends formed their first band, called "Biersack" (although they only played one show). Two days after he turned 18, he left school before graduating to move to Los Angeles in hopes of furthering his potential career. This bullying is reenacted in the " Knives and Pens" music video, performed by his band, Black Veil Brides.įor high school, Biersack attended Cincinnati's School for Creative and Performing Arts, and majored in drama and vocal music. Kiss, the Misfits, Avenged Sevenfold, the Damned, the Dropkick Murphys, etc.), he was the target of bullying at school. Because of the way Biersack dressed and the music he listened to (i.e. His preschool teacher was Jamie Peters, who had a big influence on his creativity. įor his early education, Biersack attended a Catholic elementary school, which he has spoken of in many interviews. In 2014, he started a solo music project under the moniker Andy Black and released his debut album, The Shadow Side, in 2016.īiersack was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Chris and Amy Biersack. He is the founder and lead vocalist of the rock band Black Veil Brides and is its only remaining original member. Andrew Dennis Biersack (born December 26, 1990), formerly known as Andy Six, is an American singer. However, the understanding of diffeomorphisms involving time (the Hamiltonian constraint) is more subtle because it is related to dynamics and the so-called " slave nature of time" in general relativity. The interpretation of this condition is well understood for purely spatial diffeomorphisms. In LQG this aspect of general relativity is taken seriously and this symmetry is preserved by requiring that the physical states remain invariant under the generators of diffeomorphisms. This is known as the relationalist interpretation of space-time. Space-time as a "container" over which physics takes place has no objective physical meaning and instead the gravitational interaction is represented as just one of the fields forming the world. For example, some derivations require a fixed choice of the topology, while any consistent quantum theory of gravity should include topology change as a dynamical process. The issue of background independence in LQG still has some unresolved subtleties. Instead, they are expected to give rise to space and time at distances which are 10 times the Planck length. LQG is formally background independent, meaning the equations of LQG are not embedded in, or dependent on, space and time (except for its invariant topology). It requires the existence of a positive cosmological constant, which is consistent with observed acceleration in the expansion of the Universe. The finiteness of these amplitudes was proven in 2011. It was completed in 2008, leading to the definition of a family of transition amplitudes, which in the classical limit can be shown to be related to a family of truncations of general relativity. The covariant, or "spin foam", version of the dynamics was developed jointly over several decades by research groups in France, Canada, UK, Poland, and Germany. The canonical version of the dynamics was established by Thomas Thiemann, who defined an anomaly-free Hamiltonian operator and showed the existence of a mathematically consistent background-independent theory. This result defines an explicit basis of states of quantum geometry, which turned out to be labelled by Roger Penrose's spin networks, which are graphs labelled by spins. In 1994, Rovelli and Smolin showed that the quantum operators of the theory associated to area and volume have a discrete spectrum. Jorge Pullin and Jerzy Lewandowski understood that the intersections of the loops are essential for the consistency of the theory, and the theory should be formulated in terms of intersecting loops, or graphs. Carlo Rovelli and Smolin defined a nonperturbative and background-independent quantum theory of gravity in terms of these loop solutions. Shortly after, Ted Jacobson and Lee Smolin realized that the formal equation of quantum gravity, called the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, admitted solutions labelled by loops when rewritten in the new Ashtekar variables. In 1986, Abhay Ashtekar reformulated Einstein's general relativity in a language closer to that of the rest of fundamental physics, specifically Yang–Mills theory. Main article: History of loop quantum gravity LQC advances the study of the early universe, incorporating the concept of the Big Bang into the broader theory of the Big Bounce, which envisions the Big Bang as the beginning of a period of expansion that follows a period of contraction, which has been described as the Big Crunch. The most well-developed theory that has been advanced as a direct result of loop quantum gravity is called loop quantum cosmology (LQC). Research has evolved in two directions: the more traditional canonical loop quantum gravity, and the newer covariant loop quantum gravity, called spin foam theory. The areas of research, which involve about 30 research groups worldwide, share the basic physical assumptions and the mathematical description of quantum space. Consequently, not just matter, but space itself, prefers an atomic structure. The evolution of a spin network, or spin foam, has a scale above the order of a Planck length, approximately 10 −35 meters, and smaller scales are meaningless. These networks of loops are called spin networks. As a theory, LQG postulates that the structure of space and time is composed of finite loops woven into an extremely fine fabric or network. It is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Einstein's geometric formulation rather than the treatment of gravity as a mysterious mechanism (force). Loop quantum gravity ( LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity, which aims to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity, incorporating matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic quantum gravity case. |
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